Information Communication Technology

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 What is a network or IP address?

                                                                                                         

💻What is that?

💻   - An IP address is a one-of-a-kind identifier for a device on the internet or within a local network. The term  (IP) "Internet Protocol" refers to a collection of rules that regulate the format of data transferred over the internet or a local network.

💻 - A series of digits separated by periods makes up an IP address. IP addresses are made up of four numbers; for example, 192.158.1.38 is an example address. The set's numbers can vary from 0 to 255. As a result, the entire IP addressing range is 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.


                                                                                                         


💻 What are the two versions of IP Addresses? 

  • IPV4

💻 -  IPv4 was the first version of the Internet Protocol (IP). In 1983, it was made available for production on the ARPANET. It is now the most often used IP variant. It is used in combination with an addressing system to identify devices on a network.
 
💻   -IPv4 utilizes a 32-bit address system that allows for the storage of 2^32 addresses, or more than 4 billion addresses. It is currently regarded as the primary Internet Protocol, carrying 94% of all Internet traffic.
  • IPV6
💻  - It is the most latest Internet Protocol version. It was started by the Internet Engineer Taskforce in early 1994. IPv6 is the name given to the design and development of that suite.

💻  - This new IP address version is being implemented in order to meet the need for additional Internet addresses. It was created with the goal of resolving IPv4-related challenges. It allows 340 undecillion unique address space with 128-bit address space.

                                                                                                          

💻 What are Binary Digits?

 💻 -The smallest unit of information in a computer is a binary digit, sometimes called a bit. It has a value of true/false, or on/off, and is used for storing data. Each bit has a value of 0 or 1, and is used to store data and execute instructions in groups of bytes.  

                                                                                                          

💻What are the classes of IP Address?

  • Class A ( 1 - 126)
💻  - Since there are a huge number of hosts, this IP address class is used. In a Class A network, the first 8 bits (also known as the first octet) identify the network, while the next 24 bits identify the host.
  • Class B (128 - 191)
💻  - The binary addresses in a B class IP address begin with 10. The class decimal number of this IP address can range from 128 to 191. Loopback, which is used for internal testing on the local machine, is assigned the number 127. The initial 16 bits (known as two octets) aid in network identification. The remaining 16 bits are used to identify the network's host.
  • Class C (192 - 223)
💻  - A Class C IP address is one that is appropriate for a small network. Three octets are used to indent the network in this type. This IP address ranges from 192 to 223.
  • Class D (224 - 239)
 💻 - Multicasting apps only use Class D addresses. Regular networking operations never use Class D. This class handles the first three bits of the address, which are set to "1," and the fourth bit, which is set to "0." 32-bit network addresses are known as Class D addresses. To identify multicast groups, all of the values inside the range are used.
  • Class E (240 - 255)
💻  - The first four network address bits of a Class E IP address are set to 1, allowing you to use addresses ranging from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255. The E class, on the other hand, is reserved and its use is never specified. As a result, many network implementations consider these addresses to be undefinable or illegal.

                                                                                                          


💻 What is a Subnet Mask?

 💻 - A subnet mask specifies which bits of an IP address are used as network and host identification. Each octet in the IP address is distinguished by a 32-bit number. The “255” address is always assigned to a broadcast address, and the “0” address is always assigned to a network address. Neither can be assigned to hosts, as they are reserved for these special purposes.

  -The Internet Protocol, which includes the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway or router, is the basic structure that most networks employ to permit inter-device communication.


Example:









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